Modal Verbs for Speculation & Obligation

Los modal verbs con have + past participle se usan para hablar del pasado: conclusiones, consejos y posibilidades.

1. MUST HAVE

Indica una conclusión lógica y fuerte sobre algo en el pasado.
Significa: “debe haber…”

Estructura:
Subject + must have + past participle

Ejemplos:

• He must have forgotten the meeting.

• They must have left early.

2. SHOULD HAVE

Indica un consejo no seguido o una crítica suave.
Significa: “debiste haber…” / “debería haber…”

Estructura:
Subject + should have + past participle

Ejemplos:

• You should have studied more.

• She should have called me.

3. MIGHT HAVE

Indica una posibilidad en el pasado.
Significa: “pudo haber…” / “quizá…”

Estructura:
Subject + might have + past participle

Ejemplos:

• They might have taken the wrong bus.

• He might have lost his phone.